by: UCAnation
Slavery has taken a new dimension in our country. People are no longer owned and driven to perform tasks for no pay. Today, slavery is to our governments, with very little chance of ever breaking the financial bondage.

On average, Americans now spend more time working to pay their taxes than they spend working to provide food, clothing, and shelter combined. According to the Tax Foundation, the typical middle-income taxpayer in 2003 had to work until April 19 just cover their federal and state income taxes. That’s almost a third of the year, 109 days, or 2 hours and 23 minutes of each eight hours in earnings. Now add on your local taxation fees and your homeowner tax. Each American is working almost half a year just to pay their annual tax burden. Close to half of your 8 hour, workday is going directly to pay your tax requirements. In comparison, in 1930, it only took 30 seconds of an individuals daily work time to cover their tax burden.

Many people discuss the “good ’ol days” of American life, and how today’s generation has it tougher than our Grandparents did. If you look at old unplanned pictures of the 30’s, 40’s and 50’s, the people going to work have smiles on their faces. I commute everyday, and you rarely see people smiling. Work is no longer a pleasure, but a necessity to survive. Losing your job in today’s market is a virtual death sentence for you and your family’s way of life. The burden on the “providers” is staggering.

These daily pressures are surely being noticed and absorbed by our children. Youth crime is skyrocketing. Drug use is still very prevalent in our youth, and moving toward the harder “mind altering” substances. Violence and violent actions are getting more severe in our younger generation. Our children are angry, nervous and stressed, and with less parental support due to working requirements, our children are losing control, lashing out at each other, authority figures, and anything else that may get in their way.

Many experts have analyzed violence in today’s world. They have talked about the lack of parental support due to both parents having to work. I am no expert when it comes to giving people advice on how to raise their families. However, I feel confident in my financial expertise. Our nation can easily afford to back-off on the tax burdens that affect the American family. Sure, there will be some pain within our government ranks, our school systems, and social programs that do not provide benefits to the general population. But the pain will pass, our governments and school systems will rebound and be more productive than ever before. The American family will be less burdened, which will result in our younger generations being less burdened. Our nation will once again be filled with the vibrant achievers of the world.

I have had numerous discussions with many different people regarding these issues. Many feel there is nothing that can be done. If our forefathers thought like this, we would still be an English colony paying homage to a far-away kingdom.

We can make change happen, but only if you get involved and make it happen. Pick a cause in life, and fight for it with everything you have. When it comes to our country, I urge you to not be a spectator. Become an active participant – if not for yourself, then for your children, grandchildren, and every future American that shall inhabit earth. Only you can make it happen.

About The Author


United Citizens of America - http://www.UCAnation.org/
Address: PO Box 396, Huntley IL, 60142

The United Citizens of America is a 501 (c) (4) Not-for-profit organization – Donations to 501 c 4 organizations are not deductible under the rules and guidelines of the United States of America. This is why we can refund your donations back to you. Please see our donation rules for further details.

Visit http://www.UCAnation.org/
unitedcitizens@hotmail.com


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by: Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933


Part of the challenge of passing the Network+ exam is learning about all the different types of hardware a network requires. Today we’ll take a look at a vital part of network connectivity, the Network Interface Card (NIC, pronounced “nick”).

The NIC is the device, or card, that gives the host a physical connection to the network. The NIC is generally an internal device, but one that can be removed and replaced with a different NIC. NICs are considered Physical layer devices and work at Layer 1 of the OSI model.

Most issues involving NICs occur before the device is even added to the network - because the purchaser didn't do their research. All NICs are not created equal. Some are for Ethernet networks, some for Token Ring, and speed capabilities vary as well. Don't assume a given vendor's NIC is going to fit your device and give you the results you want. A quick visit to the vendor's website and a few minutes looking up NIC specifications can save you a lot of trouble later on.

One more NIC warning - take your time when you're installing a new NIC. Make sure the device is off, and make sure you're properly grounded by connecting the grounding strap to your wrist. Otherwise, you can send static electricity into places on the host where it's only going to cause damage.

Your new NIC should also come with directions on how to download the drivers for that NIC. Drivers sound like something physical, but they're not. Drivers are simply software files that are needed on the host in order for the NIC to work correctly. Vendors used to include drivers on CDs with their NICs, but the trend now is to include instructions on where to download the drivers from the vendor website.

That does lend itself to an occasional Catch-22: "If I don't have this device on the Net yet, how can I download the drivers?" If the host has no network connectivity, you may need to download the drivers to a host that does, copy the files to CD, and then install the drivers from CD.

You'll see two different lights on a typical NIC, one green and one amber. Depending on whether the host has network connectivity or not, the lights will be solid, flashing, or out. Sometimes flashing is good, sometimes it's not! Here's a guide to the colors you'll see on a NIC:

A solid green light indicates connectivity is present. This link light is generally either green or off. Green is good, off is not! That light should stay a solid green. If you see it flashing green, that's a sign of intermittent connectivity, which is a fancy way of saying "one minute the PC is on the network, the next minute it's not". Most likely, either the NIC or the cable connected to the NIC is going bad. With the green light, flashing is not desirable.

Flashing amber lights indicate collisions. You'll see this flash occasionally even on a healthy network, but you don't want to see it flash so often that it looks like a solid amber light!

If you have an Internet connection at home, you can see these lights in action for yourself. The green and amber lights will be right next to where the cable from your modem connects to your PC.

On occasion, you'll have a PC that loses connectivity to the network. I advise you to always start network troubleshooting at the Physical layer of the OSI model, and that means checking both the NIC and the cable connected to it. I personally would swap the cable out first, since they seem to go bad more often than NICs, but that's up to you. If you swap NICs and you still can't get the PC on the network, try putting a new cable in.


About The Author
Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage (http://www.thebryantadvantage.com ), home of free CCNA and CCNP tutorials, and The Ultimate CCNA and CCNP Study Packages. For a copy of his FREE "How To Pass The CCNA" or "CCNP" ebook, visit the website and download copies! Our new RSS feed gives you free Cisco questions and tutorials daily!


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